Introduction

The Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect is due to the decays of graviational potential wells.  It can be split into two parts: the early ISW and the late-time ISW effects.   This page focusses on the latter.

While the early ISW effect occurs shortly after fecombination during the radiation era, the late-time ISW effect occurs much later, and is due to the gravitational potentials of Large Scale Structure (LSS).  It can also be a result of the potential of Dark Energy if one considers it is a fluid with perturbations.

The Origin of the late-time ISW effect

Cross-Correlation of Galaxy and Temperature Anisotropy Fields

Linear Theory Prediction for ISW